System & Network Engineer Interview Question and Answer

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1. How Many Layers are There in an OSI Reference Model? Name them.
Ans. There are 7 Layers in an OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model. They are:
(1)   Physical Layer
(2)   Data Link Layer
(3)   Network Layer
(4)   Transport Layer
(5)   Session Layer
(6)   Presentation Layer
(7)   Application Layer

2. How Many Types of Network ?
Area Base Network- LAN, MAN, WAN, CAN, SAN, PAN
Architecture Base Network- Client-Server Network, Peer-to-Peer Network
Topology Base Network- Star, Ring, Bus, Mesh, Tree, Hybrid


3. What is the Difference Between Full Duplex and Half Duplex Devices?
Answer: A Full Duplex Device is Preferable, because a Full Duplex Device can Send and Receive Data Packets Simultaneously. 
However, with a Half Duplex Device, the Device Must Finish Receiving a Message Before it Can then Send a Message. This can Lead to 
Slower Transmission Speeds and Increase Network Latency.

4. How does RIP Differ from EIGRP?
RIP and EIGRP,
AD Value: AD is Administrative Distance which Determines the Trust Worthiness of the Routing Protocol. 
For Rip it is 120, EIGRP it is 90 Internal / 170 External.
RIP uses Bellmen Ford Algorithm to Calculate the Path while EIGRP use Dual Method to Calculate the Routes Paths
Maximum Hop Count for RIP is 15 that is after 15 Counts the Packet is Dropped while that of EIGRP is 100 by Default and up to 255 by Configuration. 
By Default 100.
RIP Update Times 30 Seconds, EIGRP Hello Timer 5 Seconds.
EIGRP uses an Autonomous Number to Determine which Domain it belongs to which is not the Case with RIP Protocols.
RIP is Mostly used for Smaller Networks which EIGRP is used for Larger Networks.
RIP is a Distance Vector Routing Protocol while EIGRP is a Hybrid Routing Protocol.
RIP is Classful Protocol whereas EIGRP is Classless Protocol
In RIP Full Routing Table Exchanged, but in EIGRP Missing Routes are Exchanged

5. What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs?
Ans. 10Base2 an Ethernet Term meaning a Maximum Transfer Rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses Baseband Signaling, 
with a Contiguous Cable Segment Length of 200 meters (185mts). Known as Thinnet.
10Base5 an Ethernet Term meaning a Maximum Transfer Rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses Baseband Signaling, 
with a Contiguous Cable Segment Length of 500 meters. Known as Thicknet.
10BaseT an Ethernet Term meaning a Maximum Transfer Rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses Two Pairs of Twisted-Pair Baseband Signaling, 
with a Contiguous Cable Segment Length of 100 meters.

6. What are Major Types of Networks and explain?
Ans. Peer-to-Peer Network
Computers can Act as Both Servers Sharing Resources and as Clients using the Resources.
Server-Client Network
Provide Centralized Control of Network Resources and Rely on Server Computers to Provide Security and Network Administration  

7. What is the Network Brouter?
Ans. It’s a Hybrid Device that Combines the Features of Both Bridges and Routers. 

8.  What is the IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)?
Ans. Any Protocol used by an Inter-network to Exchange Routing Data within an Autonomous System. E.g. RIP, IGRP and OSPF.

9. What is the Default Size of Frame?
Ans. 1518 Bytes   

10. Which Layer are Called Upper Layer?
Ans. a) Application Layer – 7
b) Presentation Layer – 6
c) Session Layer – 5   

11. How many Reserve Ports?
Ans. 0 – 1023

12. How many Types of Data?
Ans. Voice, Video, Text   

13. What is Segmentation and Fragmentation?
Ans. To Divide Data in Pieces is called Segmentation and Divide Segmentation in Pieces called Fragmentation.   


14. Which Layer called Error Detection Layer?
Ans. Data Link Layer   

15. What is Encapsulation and De-Encapsulation?
Ans. To Send Data called Encapsulation and Receive Data called De-Encapsulation.  

16. Who controls MAC Address Uniqueness ?
Ans. IEEE (Institute of Electrical Electronics and Engineering) Controls its Uniqueness.
They Divide 48 Bits MAC Address into Two parts.
First 24 Bits Part called OUI (Organizational Unique Identifier) and other 24 Bits are Device Code.   

17. How we can see MAC Address from DOS Prompt?
Ans. ipconfig/all  


18. How many types of IPS?
Ans. Three Types of IP
1- Public
2- Private
3- Special IP   

19. How many types of Ethernet?
Ans. 4 types
i) Ethernet (10 Mbps)
ii) Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)
iii) Gigabit (1000 Mbps)
iv) 10 Gigabit (10000 Mbps)

20. How many types of Router?
Ans. Two types
i) Modular
ii) Non-Modular   

21. Which Command we use for Ping in IPv6?
Ans. Ping6 Source IP -s Destination IP   

22. How Many Types of VLAN ?
Ans.
a- Management VLAN         [Allow Telnet (23), SSH (22)]
b- Data VLAN                      (Normal VLAN)
c- Voice VLAN                    (VLAN use for VoIP Services)
d- Private VLAN                 (Prevent Host to Communicate Even they are Same VLAN)
e- Default VLAN                (VLAN 1, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005)
f- Native VLAN                  (Deal with Untagged Frame)

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