Computer Networking basic
Computer Networks
A group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many [types]of computer networks:
Peer To Peer (workgroups)
The computers are connected by a network, however, there is NOT a Server present.
Client/Server
The computers are connected by a network, and there is a Server present.
Other Classifications:
Local-area networks(LANs):
The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building).
Metropolitan-area networks(MANs):
The computers are farther apart and are connected (that is, in the same city).
Wide-area networks(WANs):
The computers are farther apart and are connected (that is, NOT in the same city).
In addition to these types, the following [characteristics]are also used to categorize different types of
networks:
Topology: The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include
a bus, star, and ring. Hybrids of these are, star bus & star ring.
Protocol: The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the
network use to communicate.
Architecture: Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or
client/server architecture. One of the most popular architecture for LANs is called
Ethernet. Another popular LAN architecture for PCs is the IBM token-ring network.
Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes or workstations.
Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called servers or file servers.
Internetworking:
The art and science of connecting individual local-area networks (LANs) to create wide-area
networks (WANs) , and connecting WANs to form even larger WANs. Internetworking can be extremely complex because it generally involves connecting networks that use different protocols. Internetworking is accomplished with routers, bridges, and gateways.
Routing
In internetworking, the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination. Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device called a router. Routing is a key feature of the Internet because it enables messages to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. Each intermediary computer performs routing by passing along the message to the next computer. Part of this process involves analyzing a routing table to determine the best path.
Routing is often confused with bridging, which performs a similar function. The principal difference
between the two is that bridging occurs at a lower level and is therefore more of a hardware function
whereas routing occurs at a higher level where the software component is more important. And because 2 routing occurs at a higher level, it can perform more complex analysis to determine the optimal path for the packet.
A group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many [types]of computer networks:
Peer To Peer (workgroups)
The computers are connected by a network, however, there is NOT a Server present.
Client/Server
The computers are connected by a network, and there is a Server present.
Other Classifications:
Local-area networks(LANs):
The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building).
Metropolitan-area networks(MANs):
The computers are farther apart and are connected (that is, in the same city).
Wide-area networks(WANs):
The computers are farther apart and are connected (that is, NOT in the same city).
In addition to these types, the following [characteristics]are also used to categorize different types of
networks:
Topology: The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include
a bus, star, and ring. Hybrids of these are, star bus & star ring.
Protocol: The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the
network use to communicate.
Architecture: Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or
client/server architecture. One of the most popular architecture for LANs is called
Ethernet. Another popular LAN architecture for PCs is the IBM token-ring network.
Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes or workstations.
Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called servers or file servers.
Internetworking:
The art and science of connecting individual local-area networks (LANs) to create wide-area
networks (WANs) , and connecting WANs to form even larger WANs. Internetworking can be extremely complex because it generally involves connecting networks that use different protocols. Internetworking is accomplished with routers, bridges, and gateways.
Routing
In internetworking, the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination. Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device called a router. Routing is a key feature of the Internet because it enables messages to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. Each intermediary computer performs routing by passing along the message to the next computer. Part of this process involves analyzing a routing table to determine the best path.
Routing is often confused with bridging, which performs a similar function. The principal difference
between the two is that bridging occurs at a lower level and is therefore more of a hardware function
whereas routing occurs at a higher level where the software component is more important. And because 2 routing occurs at a higher level, it can perform more complex analysis to determine the optimal path for the packet.
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