Networking devices
Hubs:
A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
A passive hub serves simply as a conduit for the data, enabling it to go from one device (or segment)
to another. So-called intelligent hubs include additional features that enables an administrator to
monitor the traffic passing through the hub and to configure each port in the hub. Intelligent hubs are
also called manageable hubs.
A third type of hub, called a switching hub, actually reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards the packet to the correct port.
Active Hubs
Hubs that are powered split & actively repeats (rebuilds) signals.
Passive Hubs
Hubs that are not powered simply split signals.
Standalone Hubs
Single box-level hubs with a number of ports. Standalone hubs usually include some method of linking them to other standalone hubs - either by connecting them together with a length of 10BASE5 coaxial cable or cascading them using twisted pair between individual ports on each hub.
Cascading Hubs
Cascading hubs usually include a separate port for linking them to other cascading hubs.
Stackable Hubs
Hubs that look and act like standalone hubs except that several of them can be "stacked" or connected together, usually by short lengths of cable. When they are linked together they can be managed as a
single unit.
Bridge:
A device that connects two local-area networks (LANs), or two segments of the same LAN.
The two LANs being connected can be alike or dissimilar. For example, a bridge can connect an Ethernet with a Token-Ring network. Unlike routers, bridges are protocol -independent. They simply forward packets without analyzing and re-routing messages. Consequently, they're faster than routers, but also less versatile.
Router:
A device that connects two LANs. Routers are similar to bridges, but provide additional functionality, such as the ability to filter messages and forward them to different places based on various criteria.
The Internet uses routers extensively to forward packets from one host to another.
Switch:
In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at
the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol.
LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.
Concentrator:
A type of multiplexor that combines multiple channels onto a single transmission medium in such a way that all the individual channels can be simultaneously active. For example, ISPs use concentrators to combine their dial-up modem connections onto faster T-1 lines that connect to the Internet.
Concentrators are also used in local-area networks (LANs) to combine transmissions from a cluster of nodes. In this case, the concentrator is often called a hub or MAU.
Gateway:
A device which is used to connect networks using different protocols so that information can be passed from one system to the other. Gateways functions at the Network layer of the OSI model.
A Gateway many of the times is simply – Hardware-wisePC with Both Media Device Interface (NIC’s) and some sort of Software that does the actual conversion of protocols and data packettes.
Multiplexor:
A communications device that multiplexes (combines) several signals for transmission over a single
medium. A demultiplexor completes the process by separating multiplexed signals from a transmission line. Frequently a multiplexor and demultiplexor are combined into a single device capable of processing both outgoing and incoming signals. A multiplexor is sometimes called a mux.
Multi-Port Repeater or Intelligent Hubs:
So-called intelligent hubs include additional features that enables an administrator to monitor the traffic passing through the hub and to configure each port in the hub. Intelligent hubs are also called manageable hubs.
A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
A passive hub serves simply as a conduit for the data, enabling it to go from one device (or segment)
to another. So-called intelligent hubs include additional features that enables an administrator to
monitor the traffic passing through the hub and to configure each port in the hub. Intelligent hubs are
also called manageable hubs.
A third type of hub, called a switching hub, actually reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards the packet to the correct port.
Active Hubs
Hubs that are powered split & actively repeats (rebuilds) signals.
Passive Hubs
Hubs that are not powered simply split signals.
Standalone Hubs
Single box-level hubs with a number of ports. Standalone hubs usually include some method of linking them to other standalone hubs - either by connecting them together with a length of 10BASE5 coaxial cable or cascading them using twisted pair between individual ports on each hub.
Cascading Hubs
Cascading hubs usually include a separate port for linking them to other cascading hubs.
Stackable Hubs
Hubs that look and act like standalone hubs except that several of them can be "stacked" or connected together, usually by short lengths of cable. When they are linked together they can be managed as a
single unit.
Bridge:
A device that connects two local-area networks (LANs), or two segments of the same LAN.
The two LANs being connected can be alike or dissimilar. For example, a bridge can connect an Ethernet with a Token-Ring network. Unlike routers, bridges are protocol -independent. They simply forward packets without analyzing and re-routing messages. Consequently, they're faster than routers, but also less versatile.
Router:
A device that connects two LANs. Routers are similar to bridges, but provide additional functionality, such as the ability to filter messages and forward them to different places based on various criteria.
The Internet uses routers extensively to forward packets from one host to another.
Switch:
In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at
the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol.
LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.
Concentrator:
A type of multiplexor that combines multiple channels onto a single transmission medium in such a way that all the individual channels can be simultaneously active. For example, ISPs use concentrators to combine their dial-up modem connections onto faster T-1 lines that connect to the Internet.
Concentrators are also used in local-area networks (LANs) to combine transmissions from a cluster of nodes. In this case, the concentrator is often called a hub or MAU.
Gateway:
A device which is used to connect networks using different protocols so that information can be passed from one system to the other. Gateways functions at the Network layer of the OSI model.
A Gateway many of the times is simply – Hardware-wisePC with Both Media Device Interface (NIC’s) and some sort of Software that does the actual conversion of protocols and data packettes.
Multiplexor:
A communications device that multiplexes (combines) several signals for transmission over a single
medium. A demultiplexor completes the process by separating multiplexed signals from a transmission line. Frequently a multiplexor and demultiplexor are combined into a single device capable of processing both outgoing and incoming signals. A multiplexor is sometimes called a mux.
Multi-Port Repeater or Intelligent Hubs:
So-called intelligent hubs include additional features that enables an administrator to monitor the traffic passing through the hub and to configure each port in the hub. Intelligent hubs are also called manageable hubs.
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